Hemostasis in surgery

Hemostasis is the physiological process of stopping bleeding, which is crucial during surgical procedures to maintain a clear field of view and prevent excessive blood loss. Various mechanisms contribute to hemostasis in surgery, including vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and blood clot formation. Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of blood vessels in response to injury, reducing blood flow to the site of bleeding. Platelets play a significant role in forming a temporary plug at the site of injury. This initial platelet plug is reinforced by the coagulation cascade, a complex series of reactions that culminate in the formation of a stable blood clot. Surgeons may also utilize hemostatic agents such as surgical sponges, sealants, and electrocautery to assist in achieving hemostasis during procedures. Understanding the mechanisms of hemostasis is essential for surgeons to effectively manage bleeding during surgery, minimize complications, and promote optimal patient recovery.